The most common vision problem is an eye refraction disorder. People who have problems with eye refraction will complain of blurred vision when looking at objects that are far, near, or both.
Eye refraction is a term to describe the process of light entering the eye until it is caught by the retina.
The process of seeing starts from the reflection of light from an object that is captured by the eye. When light enters the eye, the lens and cornea of the eye adjust the reflection of the light so that it is focused precisely on the retina of the eye. If eye refraction works well, then the quality of vision will be clear and focused (not blurry).
Eye refraction abnormalities occur when light falls in front of or behind the retina, so vision becomes blurry. Not only that, this condition is also caused by changes in the shape of the cornea or aging of the lens of the eye.
Types of eye refraction disorders
Eye refractive disorders can be classified into several types, namely:
1. Nearsightedness
People with nearsightedness or myopia can see objects that are close distance clearly, but it is difficult to see objects that are far away. This condition occurs because the light entering the eye falls in front of the retina. Severe myopia can increase the risk of retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma.
2. Farsightedness
Farsightedness is the opposite of myopia. People who have nearsightedness or hypermetropy can see objects that are far away clearly, but it is difficult to see objects that are close. This condition makes sufferers find it difficult when reading writing that is close to the eyes.
Farsightedness results from light entering the eye falling behind the retina. Farsightedness can also cause eye muscle strain, so that sufferers easily dizzy and headaches.
3. Cylinder eyes
Cylinder eye conditions can occur simultaneously with nearsightedness and farsightedness. Cylinder eyes or astigmatism are vision problems that occur as a result of defects in the cornea or lens arches. This condition causes vision to become blurry or shaded, both when looking at objects that are close or far away.
4. Old eyes
Old eye or presbyopia is a condition that occurs because the lens of the eye becomes stiff, making it difficult to refract and focus light on the retina of the eye. This stiffness of the lens of the eye occurs due to the aging process. This condition is naturally experienced by the elderly or adults aged over 45 years.
In addition to several types of eye refraction abnormalities above, the eye can also experience refractive disorders called anisometropia. This is a condition where the refractive ability of the right eye and the left eye differ greatly.
This refractive eye disorder makes sufferers have to often squint to see an object and the vision feels shaded.
Signs of Eye Refraction Abnormalities
There are several symptoms and signs that appear when you suffer from eye refractive disorders, including:
- Blurred or shaded vision
- See the halos around bright lights
- Difficulty focusing when reading a book or looking at a computer
- Often squint when looking
- Headache
- Eyes feel tense
Examination of Eye Refraction Abnormalities
If you start to feel the symptoms of eye refraction abnormalities above, get your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist or optician. During the examination, the doctor or optician will ask you to sit in a chair equipped with a special device.
To check nearsightedness, the doctor or optician will ask you to read letters or numbers from a distance of approximately 6 meters. As for farsightedness, you will be asked to read from a special card.
First, the doctor or optician will ask you to read without tools, to assess the ability of your eyes to read writing at a certain distance. After that, the doctor or officer will ask you to read with the help of a phoroptor.
After using phoroptor, vision will usually get better. Through this examination tool, the doctor or optician will determine the right type of eyeglass lens to correct refractive problems in your eye.
Handling of Eye Refractive Disorders
Eye refraction disorders until now can not be cured. The treatment effort is only aimed at helping people with eye refractive disorders to see more clearly and prevent eye refraction abnormalities from becoming more severe.
To treat eye refraction abnormalities, there are several steps that can be done, namely:
Use glasses
Glasses are the easiest and safest choice to correct eye refractive abnormalities. The optometrist or optician will provide the right size and type of eyeglasses based on the results of the eye refraction examination and the type of eye refractive disorder that you experience.
For nearsightedness, the lens used is a concave lens (minus), whereas for nearsightedness the lens used is a convex lens (plus). Plus or minus glasses are also equipped with cylindrical lenses, if there are cylindrical eyes.
Contact lens
Some people prefer to use contact lenses instead of glasses because they are more comfortable and practical to use when on the move. However, contact lenses require more painstaking care than glasses.
You should always maintain lens cleanliness and understand how to use contact lenses properly. Avoid sleeping by wearing contact lenses and changing contact lenses according to schedule.
Refractive Surgery
For some conditions, surgery may be needed to correct refractive disorders that occur. Refractive surgery is done by permanently changing the shape of the cornea, thereby restoring the eye's focus strength. There are various types of refractive surgery, one of which is LASIK.
To determine assistive devices or other appropriate treatment steps to overcome abnormalities in eye refraction, you can consult further with an eye doctor.
Remember, even if you already use tools or do surgery on the eye to improve the ability of eye refraction, you still need to do regular eye examinations to the doctor.
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